The former player: 'I hoped to continue my rugby career'
Important note: This piece contains details of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racial discrimination in rugby union led his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to end my career because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I wanted to carry on playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply accept the fate and accept that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough proof to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also encountered prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has placed significant attention on diversity and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"We are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and women's rugby club now has face-to-face education on building inclusive environments, with its success monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and ended your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the production of the documentary, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and help them thrive both on the pitch with complimentary sports training, guidance and nutrition education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I talk about it perhaps the more confident others will become about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I grab the challenge by the horns and continue carrying this flag and keep carrying this weight and do what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that the sport has the ability to transform their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022